Alfred Edward Housman

A.E.Housman (Alfred Edward Housman) was born on March 26th 1859 in Fockbury, Worcerstershire. He was basically a classical scholar and an English origin poet. He was famous for his poem A Shropshire Lad. These short and poetic poems were written before the 19th century. The thoughful suggestion of fated youth in England, their auxilary, language and chracteristic description was appealing to the Geogian and and Edwardian composer prior and following the WW1.Housman was reckoned among the leading classic writers of his time. He had created a name for himself after printing as a private scholar and because of which he was selected as a Latin Professor at the College London University and than later at the prestigious Cambridge. His famous editions of Lucan, Juvenal and Manilius are said to be very well respected. With these settings of poetry, the generation was strongly linked and were also were much connected with the Shropshire poems as well. Alfred Edward Housman was the son of a c ountry solicitor and the eldest of his seven siblings. His sister Clemence Housman and Laurance Housman also became writers.A.E.Housman went to school at King Edward and than later to Bromsgrove school where he had a strong academic foundation and won numerous prizes for his poetry. He got a scholarship at St Johns College, Oxford in 1877 where he got education in classics.He was amazing in analyzing texts. He became so much involved into Texts that he did not retake philosophy and ancient history and even did not take a passing degree. He did not make much friends with his only friends being his roommates A.W.Pollard and Moses Jackson. Alfred Housman had a hard and usually reserved feelings for his friend Moses Jackons which were refused by Jackson as he was hetrosexual. This refusal by Moses led to Alfred unpredicted failure in his exams in 1881.Jackson got a clerk job in the Patent office in London and also got Housman a job there. They started sharing an apartmen with Adalbert w ho was the elder brother of Jackson. They stayed there till 1885 after which Housman moved into his own apartment on his own. In 1887 Moses married and moved to Karachi (Than in India) and later in 1982 Adalbert Jackson died. Alfred still continued to write classical studies on his own and also published some quality articles on numerous authors like Sophocles, Ovid, Aeschylus, Propertius, Horace and Euripides.In this period, Alfred managed to study Roman and Greek classics very throughly. He became a Latin Professor at Cambridge Trinity College in 1911 and till his death he had held the position. Alfred Housman managed to gain fame with his classic editions of the famous poets of Rome mainly Manilus, Juvenal and Lucan and also for his thorough and clever comments and his contempt for the unscholarly.Poems of Alfred Edward HousmanDuring his life Alfred Housman had managed to publish only two poetry volumes: One being published in 1896 by the name of Shropshire Lad and the other in 1 922 which was Last Poems.A Shropshire lad is a collection of his 63 poems with the majority written after his close friend Adalbert Jackons death in 1982. The main themes of the peoms were based upon unreturned love, green beauty, brief youth, sorrow, demise and the common soldiers patriotism. After his scripts were refused by many of the publishers, he decided to print them on his own expenditure which was a shock for his students and his colleagues.The Shropshire Lad was a rather slow in momentum to gain popularity, the arrival of war, at first in the Boer war and than later in WW1, gave this book a widespread popularity because of its regretfulness potrayal of the English troops. Numerous composers of music managed to make different setting of musical for the work of Housman which increased his popularity.

Customized Elarning Theory

Not to mention that there as little research done during the earlier years of Pigged, Bigotry, and his colleagues involving children with disabilities or mixed ability groups. Most of the research was focusing mainly on social and cognitive development. For the sake of this essay the learning theory Introduced will be called, The Development of the Well Rounded Child. This theory takes Into account not only the cognitive and social development of a child but also the mental, physical, moral and spiritual. In order for a child to develop in every area, educators must acknowledge that there is more to education and learning than â€Å"book† smarts.Children need to develop social skills as well as mental. Physical education is also very vital to the overall health off child. There also needs to be a certain amount of moral stability Instilled Into each student. Even If education Is taking place In a public classroom, teachers can model their Christian faith. According to Derrick Bell, we must recognize and acknowledge (at least to ourselves) that our actions are not likely to lead to transcendent change and, despite our best efforts, may be of more help to the system we despise than to the victims of that system that we are trying to help. Bell, D. 004, 192) First let's take a look at Visigoths theory. He focused on the connections between people and coloratura context In which they act and Interact in shared experiences. (Crawford, 1996) Visigoths theory Implies that students play an active role in the learning process. Pavlov introduced the theory of Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning is described as a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. (www. Learning-theories. Com) Albert Bandeau is known for evolving the Social-Learning Theory.This theory states that people learn through observing the behavior of others, their attitudes, and out comes of those behaviors. This theory, according to Bandeau, explains human behavior In terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. (Bandeau, 1977) Erickson is known for the theory of Personal and Social Development. The theory of Personal and Social development states that people pass through eight psychosocial stages in their lifetime. At each stage, there are crises or critical issues to be resolved.His theory emphasizes the role of the The stages are played out in constant interactions with others and with society as a whole. (Slaving, 2009) Pigged on the other hand is widely known for his theory of Cognitive and Moral Development. Piglet's theory proposes that a child's intellect or cognitive abilities progresses through four distinct stages. Each stage is characterized by the emergence of new abilities and ways of processing information. He also believed that moral development developed in predictable stages. (Slaving , 2009) Lastly, Goldberg is known for his Stages of Moral Reasoning.He proposed that people pass through six stages of moral Judgment. Like Pigged, Goldberg studied how children (and adults) reason about rules that govern their behavior in certain situations. (Slaving, 2009) All of these theorists had good ideas and each one proved a valid point but none of them, or any other ones since, have taken into account that children need to learn social skills as well as regular subjects such as reading, writing, math, history. None of the theorists have taken into account that technology would play such a vital role in education. Computers have opened up a whole new oral to students and teachers.Research is easier to do and faster to accomplish. The internet has made access to learning about other countries and subject matter literally at our finger tips. Part of being an effective teacher is knowing what types of students are in our class and helping them build relationships with their cl assmates and others. According to Venerable, teachers should care about their students. That means that they not only create a warm and supportive tone in their classroom but that they also provide an environment in which students will develop their talents to make a costive contribution to the classroom and to their future life contexts.Caring has both interpersonal and curricular implications, and they must complement each other. (Venerable, 2009) In order for a teacher to motivate the students, that teacher has to create the warm and inviting environment discussed earlier. There are times when direct instruction is necessary to achieve a desired goal. For example: when introducing a new subject to the class or reviewing for a test, direct instruction will help the teacher recognize if the students have learned the material that was taught. Classroom management can also be more easily attained if the right learning environment has been established.The best type of learning environ ment is one that allows the students to interact with the teacher and each other. Today technology has made it easier for teachers to teach at all different levels in one classroom and still have the control necessary to allow learning to take place. Computers, The Elm, voice amplifiers are Just a few of the new types of technology in the classroom today that have helped teachers be able to introduce material in creative and fun ways. This type of technology has allowed the classrooms to be filled with children from diverse ability groups.Students with learning disabilities can work at their own level and not hinder the rest of the class. Each child can have an opportunity to learn from another regardless of educational level if a well rounded learning theory is in practice. Teachers have adopted the idea of using centers in their classrooms to help students with learning disabilities stay on track with the rest of the class. By splitting the subject matter into centers the students can move from one area to the f teaching is self motivated and can be accomplished by anyone. According to Venerable, learning and teaching must take place in humble dependence on God.Schools are for learning. Teaching intends to promote learning, but learning also takes place through experience and individual study. A major aim of Christian teaching and learning is to discover God's laws and apply them in obedient response to God. The key point of this learning process is that teaching and learning points to God as the Creator and Sustainer of all reality, including the norms of human life. Venerable,2009) Van Bremen stated the learning process best by breaking it down into four categories. He stated that as we plan for learning, we develop knowledge-that, which depicts what we grasp and understand.Second we develop knowledge-how, which consists of our skills and abilities. Third we develop knowledge-why, which refers to the beliefs and values that guide our attitudes, disposition s, and actions. Finally we develop knowledge- with, which helps us form healthy relationships. (Venerable,2009) While creating my personalized learning theory I reflected back on my study skills inventory one and two, my learning styles inventory, and my BPML. As a teacher one of the most important aspects of my Job will be determined by my decision making processes.What type of lesson I plan, how I will present the lesson, what activities to include, time-line to use and many other aspects will need to be considered. The ASS' helped me look back at the areas I am weak in and evaluate what needs to be improved. As I reflect on the different learning styles that are currently being taught I see a great need for educators to create a new learning theory, like the one Vive introduced, that will address the whole child. As educators we are responsible for making sure that our students leave our class better than they came. They need to have matured spiritually, mentally, emotionally and even physically.In conclusion, although there have been some great psychologist and educators providing valid research and theories for learning and behavior development, none of them have been able to address all areas of learning in one theory. As educators our main goal should be to make sure students we are responsible for get the most well rounded educational experience possible. When a child leaves our care at the ND of the year, he/she should be more educated, have better social skills, and have a deeper understanding who they are and where they are headed regardless of age or any type disability they may have.One of my favorite sayings that I have carried close to my heart for years is, â€Å"Children Learn What They Live. † As educators it is our responsibility to make sure that what our students learn will make them better individuals that are prepared for the future no matter what it might bring. References Bandeau, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: Gen eral Learning Press Bell, D. 2004. Silent covenants: Brown v. He Board of Education and the unfulfilled hopes for racial reform. New York: Oxford University Press. Crawford, K. (1996).

Education-Benchmark Assessment Essay

Several theories explain the concept of Early Childhood Education (ECE). Deiner (2013) describes that all of them share the same opinion that an early childhood educator is extremely essential in the development of a child’s intellectual and educational abilities. It is also commonly agreeable among the theories that the early childhood education can have a great impact in the life of an individual since education is progressive, and each stage leads to a higher one. However, there are some contradictions in the theories, which regard to some aspects of ECE. For instance, some studies feel that the intellectual development depends on the genes of the child as acquired from the parents. Other studies hold a different opinion, that the environment plays a great role in ECE. Some assert that both the environment and the biological play a great role in early childhood development. This study is based on the fact that the educator is part of the environment in which the child is subjected to, and all children can learn. The educator has several roles that make them have a great impact on a child. An early childhood educator has the responsibility to ensure that a child gains as much knowledge as possible depending on the level of the child, where the level is to a large extent determined by the age of the child. A child spends most of the waking time with the educator. There are differences presented by the various personalities of children. As a result, each child should be treated differently from the other by the educator. As a result, the educator needs to have sufficient knowledge on how to  understand each child, so that each child gains maximally. The educator defines the environment in which a child lives in school. It is agreeable that children have some common interests. For instance, most studies point out that using objects in educating children in grade three or lower can have on enhancing their knowledge by having them relate to things they frequently use. This means that the environment needs to have various objects and pictorial presentations for more effective learning. There are other considerations that the educator needs to be aware of, such as ensuring that the relationship among students themselves and between the educator and children is supportive to the education to be acquired. An early childhood educator deals with children who might not be much exposed, and they are open to what they are learn. It is clear from this essential role of educators that they should be having some personal characteristics. Grotewell & Burton (2008) explains that one of them is that the educator should be role model to the children. In addition, the educator should maintain a healthy lifestyle since children are much vulnerable to communicable illnesses. The use of clear communication is also relevant, not only to convey information to the children, but also because it can affect the children’s communication skills as well. Moreover, the educator needs to work closely with the children, their parents and the fellow educators so that they can learn more about each child. This means that sometimes they are involved in settling conflicts between the children and families. The role as the professional in the teaching and learning of children is achieved through several ways. One of them is by the educators developing and implementing programs that are designed to meet the children’s physical, intellectual, social, emotional, developmental and cultural needs and interests. The programs are basically considerate on a play environment. The programs also consider the age of the children. The educator can improvise some of the equipment that can be needed by the children. Secondly, the role can be attained by building the children’s interpersonal and social skills. Positive self-concept can also be achieved by having the educator  establishing positive guidelines that let the children to feel comfortable, safe and secure. Third, as aforementioned, constant communication with the other stakeholders in ECE, mostly the parents, should be considered. Forth, activities that actively involve the children ensure that the children gain maximally. Such activities could include outdoor play, various play experiences, snacks and meals as well as field trips (Deiner, 2013). The child educator also plays a role as an advocate on behalf of children. The educator is expected to understand children in general. Sometimes, children can be presented by challenges that they cannot easily express verbally to the relevant authorities. This means that they can suffer silently over issues such as domestic violence, bullying and lack of basic commodities. The educator has sufficient knowledge to realize a child who is having some pressing issues. Some children can gain the confidence and trust to open up to the educator, virtues that the educator should possess. The educator could as a result gain information that could not be realized by the parents and other people close to the children. Bhavya (2007) feels that children might not be sure on how to approach these issues. Some may be living in fear of exposing how they feel. However, the educator is in a better position to assist. For instance, the educator can ensure that the bullies in the educational institution are warned against it in the best way possible. The educator can be aware on how they can assist when cases of violence where a child is a direct or indirect victim are presented, such as involving lawful measures as well as talking with the parents and guardians of the children. Children whose parents cannot sufficiently offer basic needs can have their needs sought from other sources. Therefore, the educator represents the children in cases where the child might be unable to express themselves. Educators should work with the mentality that all children can learn. Learning involves various aspects of gaining knowledge, and not exclusive to study of books. It involves interpersonal and communication skills. Children are also expected to learn values that are generally acceptable in the society. Each child consequently needs to learn. In addition, each child has  the capability to learn. Although there can be variances in the capabilities, children are able to continually gain knowledge on the aspects noted. The educator should understand how much each child can contain. Moreover, it is relevant to know exactly what a child needs in order to learn. For instance, some children could require frequent reminders and assignments so that they can understand some concepts (Grotewell & Burton, 2008). As the different aspects of learning are concerned, there needs to be various assessments to test the success of each. Apart from the writing and reading skills, tests such as etiquette, posture and arts can be conducted regularly. Although the tests might not be recordable, an educator who clearly understands each of the students can clearly tell whether there is progress in the development of a child. The assessment practices should ensure that the children gain from the basics to the complex contents so that all children can learn (Bhavya, 2007). Technology currently plays a role in the education to young children. Educators are increasingly using technology due to the several benefits it has in enhancing gaining of knowledge among them. There are equipments that have been developed with an aim to create fun as children learn. For instance, counting machines are attractive to the children, and they can enjoy using it. The technologically developed equipments are also safe and easy to use. This means that the children can learn some things on their own after being guided by the educator. Some technology can be used in displaying information that could not be better displayed in any other means. Photos that are presented in screens can be relevant in showing children objects that can help them to learn. Technology also reduces costs in teaching children. For instance, a trip to view some objects in far places can be avoided by having the objects displayed. Therefore, technology is significant in teaching children (Morgan, 2011). The environment is crucial in the teaching and learning among children  between birth and grade three. It affects the emotional, intellectual, psychological and physical aspects of a child. The environment concerns several things, but most importantly the people who interact with the children. The environment should support learning, and it could contain learning inhibiting factors, or can contain motivating ones. If the environment does not support learning, the child cannot concentrate. Children are much likely to put more focus on issues that constantly happen to them. For instance, if they are being physically or emotionally abused, they cannot gain much in the learning process (Morgan, 2011). Children are much motivated by some aspects in the environment. One of them is the availability of ample playing space. Since the children gain a lot when playing, space and equipment provided by the environment can enhance their learning greatly. The environment can also be motivating by just being safe for the children. Therefore, the environment is crucial in the learning of children. References Bhavya, M. S. (2007). _Early childhood education_. Delhi [India: Kalpaz Publications. Deiner, P. L. (2013). _Inclusive early childhood education: Development, resources, practice_. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Grotewell, P. G., & Burton, Y. R. (2008). _Early childhood education: Issues and developments_. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Morgan, H. (2011). _Early childhood education: History, theory, and practice_. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.

Data Analysis on Questionnaires (edit) Research Paper

Data Analysis on Questionnaires (edit) - Research Paper Example The first question in this survey simply asked patients to list the age at which they were diagnosed with diabetes. The participants in this group were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at ages ranging from 31 to 50, the youngest being a woman who initially developed Gestational diabetes during a pregnancy. Eighty-four percent of the participants were diagnosed when they were in the range of 40 to 49-years-old, supporting the evidence showing that this type of diabetes is most commonly found in adults. Answers referring to the diagnosis of the participants show a trend that most people are unaware that they even suffer from the disease until they are diagnosed by a medical professional. Participants were asked how they were diagnosed with diabetes with the second question of the survey. Almost half of the surveyed group – forty-eight percent – went to their general practitioner based on symptoms that the patients recognized as possibly being linked to diabetes because of family members with the disease or for symptoms ranging from wounds that would not heal to dizziness to rapid weight loss or gain. Glucose tests were then performed to diagnose the disease. Conversely, the other fifty-two percent of the participants were surprised by a diagnosis of diabetes. Three women developed Gestational diabetes during or after pregnancies when no history of the disease was present. The other ten participants were all incidentally diagnosed because of other health problems. Half were being hospitalized for other illnesses and blood tests showed abnormal glucose levels. The other half was having routine blood tests, pre-surgery blood tests, and even an insurance s creening when their diabetes was diagnosed. Thus, while almost half of the group was aware of present symptoms of the disease, over half had no idea they had any blood glucose abnormalities until the lab test results were stumbled

Good Manufacturing Practices Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Good Manufacturing Practices - Case Study Example I am working in a Japanese pharmaceutical company Takeda in Ireland. It is a research based largest pharmaceutical company in Japan and one of the global leaders of the industry. I consider it to be a privilage to be with such an esteemed organization. Basically, I am involved in dispensing raw materials and controlling coating process. The raw materials that are the basic ingredients of any medicine needs to be passed through GMP to be qualified, sourced properly, and tested before release into use. Though these regulations vary in different part of the world, they are responsible to creating business and compliance challenges. Poor quality medicines or those medicines that are not manufactured using GMP can damage health. For instance, a poor quality medicine may contain toxic substances that have been unintentionally added, causing damage to health or even death. The use of GMP is absolutely necessary in each and every steps starting from selecting the raw materials till the finish product is sealed and packed properly. If the coating of the drug is not good, it may loose most of its valuable ingredients by the time it reaches the consumer. It is a well known fact that a medicine that contains little or none of the claimed ingredient will not have the planned therapeutic effect. I believe that failure to comply with GMP regulations can result in very serious costs as well as product recall, seizure, termination of manufacture, fines, and even imprisonment. Every time we take a medicine we can have confidence that the medicine has been manufactured in accordance with GMP because it has today become a global standard. GMP along with expert assessment gives us a clear overview that every medicine is safe to use, will have the necessary efficiency and will be of the right quality (emeu.eu, N.D.). GMP or the recently updated cGMP, where the "c" corresponds to "current," remind manufacturers that they must utilize technologies and systems which are modern and abide by with the regulation. Under current GMP rules and regulations which is the latest version of GMP, it is the pharmaceutical manufacturer who is accountable for the entire operations (Saffron Media Pvt. Ltd., 2004). There are a variety of practices that ensure quality: some of them are as follows: "raw materials quality declaration; maintaining correct substances all the way through the manufacturing process; standards for hygiene and safety; in-house testing; production and process controls; and warehousing and distribution" (Dietary Supplement Quality Initiative, 1999). I am responsible for dispensing raw materials and controlling coating process. As a result of following GMP my working environment is much more safe and efficient. Additionally, these regulations require that manufacturers, processors, and packagers of drugs, to take positive steps to make sure that their products are secure, unadulterated, and effective. GMP regulations necessitate an extremely good manufacturing process, allow companies to reduce or even eliminate probable chances of contamination, mixups, and errors. Failure of companies to meet the terms with GMP can result in very serious costs. Studies have shown that GMPs offer quality assurances that off-the-shelf testing cannot. In fact,

An analysis of cross-functional teams in procurement and acquisitions Term Paper

An analysis of cross-functional teams in procurement and acquisitions - Term Paper Example This indicates that the prime objective of logistics is to avail raw materials, commodities, and goods, satisfying four main requirements that include order, cost fulfillment, quality and delivery. Logistics as a result entails several value adding activities that include production, time, location, and control of the supply chain (Rodrigue & Hesse, 2012). It highlights the organizational and material support of globalization. Logistic activities include physical distributions of the goods (derived transport segment), and the materials segment (the induced transport segment). The objective of this essay is to analyze a logistics management case ‘Online Store’ and come up with a detailed discussion on how the business can develop a new online retail business. The discussion will focus on the following logistic activities: Singaporean sourcing operations supplier selection, evaluation and Procurement, International transportation from Singapore to Australia, and Australian Quarantine and inspection clearance (Eauc.hk, 2010). The essay highlights how the above logistic activities can help the business to produce its products at a lower cost, and add value to time and place utility. Singaporean Sourcing Operations Supplier Selection, Evaluation and Procurement Procurement entails more than mere purchase of goods and services. With the increased need for business competitiveness and the growing pressure to deliver value to shareholders, interest in global procurement has been accorded greater attention. Businesses have resorted to global supply chain and procurement as a means for survival and attainment of competitive edge. The amount of money that businesses spend on procurement is often substantial taking approximately 50% to 85% of the company`s revenues. In search for high quality goods but at a lor cost, businesses like the Online Store have turned their attention to Asia for a wide range of sourcing ranging from materials, supplier identification , services to outsourcing. Singapore as a country is strategically located in addition to having sufficient business infrastructure. Because of this attractiveness, global businesses have been attracted to Singapore in their procurement undertakings (Singapore Fact Sheet, 2012). Sourcing Operations A number of rules guide the exportation of goods from Singapore. In its sourcing operations, Online Store has to adhere to these rules. According to Singapore Customs (2012), the following rules have to be adhered to: Fist the company must obtain an out permit through TradeNet. If the goods are not controlled and they are exported through air or sea, the permit has to be obtained within three days of the export. If the goods ate controlled or are being exported to Australia via rail or road, then the permit has to be obtained before exports. As noted in the case, some of the goods will be manufactured in China and sourced to Australia through Singapore. In this case, the business must ob tain an Out re-imported goods permit through TradeNet before it exports the goods under the Temporary Export Scheme. By fully exploiting the free trade agreement existing between Singapore and Australia, the business can benefit in the form of reduced import charges which is passed on to the consumers in the form of low product prices (Dfat.gov.au, 2003). Exports from Singapore Non-Dutiable Dutiable Source: Singapore Customs (2012, p.1) Supplier Selection, Evaluation and Procurement The first process in

Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plato - Essay Example After they are through with their elementary education, they join middle school where teenagers experience pressure that forces them to engage in drugs, alcohol and sex. After children graduate from middle school, they join high school and start taking many responsibilities, which is stressful. After they are through with high school, they tend to think that they will be free (Plato 12). Moreover, modern American community is a resemblance of Plato’s cave based on its varying isolation, jobs, culture, crimes and people’s action. An example of this community is the Ridgecrest town dominated the with white race society. The people blame ethnic minorities for committing crimes make it hard for them to get jobs. The town has strict laws that are similar to the laws that existed in the cave. Therefore, any person disobeying the laws either ends up in jail or faces death. This is similar to the cave where people were put to chains and could not turn their heads. Contemporary homes are similar to Plato’s cave because people have rules restricting them on time to be at home and conduct their chores. Therefore, the home chores are similar to being chained up in the cave because they restrict an individual. Plato draws attention on imprisonment and being put on chains in Allegory of the Den. The feeling of imprisonment exists in schools, communities and homes in the current society. These areas relate to Plato’s cave because people lack

Leader Persona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leader Persona - Essay Example ust have appropriate qualities capable of fostering the growth of the various aspects of the society as the below analysis of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani below portrays. Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani typifies the qualities of a good leader in the contemporary society. From his controversial rise to power in 1995 to the current economic and social stability of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani continues to prove his ability to lead and revolutionize a modern society, one bestowed with limitless natural resources that continue to cause chaos and mayhem in numerous other parts of the world. Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani came from Al Thani, a royal family in Qatar and became the ruling Emir in 1995 through a bloodless coup of the palace. He ruled the country from 1995 to 2013 a period within which Qatar experienced tremendous economic growth. Additionally, Qatari became a regional economic and diplomatic hub under his leadership. Numerous sports and diplomatic functions took place in the county during his tenure. As stated earlier, he embodied a perfect and revolutionary leader who enhanced the growth and prosperity. Key among his personality traits was aggressiveness (Kronfol, Ghuloum & Weber, 2013). He rose to power by overthrowing an existing Emir of the kingdom. Such was his belief in both himself and his leadership. He believed that he could lead the people of Qatar better thereby enhancing the development of the Kingdom. He therefore grabbed the throne. He was part of the royalty in the Kingdom a feature that made the coup bloodless. However, soon after rising to power, he busied himself with the formation of appropriate social and political structures to help secure the country and fortify his position as the Emir of the Kingdom. He understood that politics continue to bedevil other countries with similar political structures. He therefore sought to safeguard his position as the leader of the country by creating appropriate political structures to help him secure his

Inter Organizational Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Criminal Justice Agency Budget Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Criminal Justice Agency Budget - Case Study Example Budgets should reflect management's planned change initiatives, related costs, and expected results. 2) Performance-past and current performance, as well as that of like organizations, should contribute to the budgeting process. Consideration needs to be given to uncontrollable external changes that could dramatically affect the operation and its results. Examples of such events include rising energy costs, economic slowdowns, foreign threats, shifts in technology, and changing global markets. 3) People-good intra- and inter-organizational communications are essential to developing both good plans and good budgets. From customers to suppliers to internal personnel, the higher the quality of information, thought, and input into the process, the more likely a more realistic budget will result. The Fiscal Services Unit of the City of Yonkers is responsible for preparing and monitoring the police department's budget, processing its payroll, keeping time and leave records for its personnel, and ensuring that reimbursements due the department are obtained in a timely manner. (McElron, 2008) The unit also provides statistical information to city departments as well as outside government agencies. Presently, the unit consists of a Captain, an Account Clerk IV (Jackie Olmsted), a Clerk III (Flo Fallon), two Clerk IIs (Janet Castelli, and Louise Campbell) and a Clerk I (Michael Gale). The Fiscal Services Unit prepares operating and capital budget requests for the police department based on information provided by each unit or division's commanding officer. In accordance with the readings for this course, I would classify the budget system as an annual system (meaning that a budget is proposed for each year). For fiscal year 2007/2008, which began on July 1, 2007 and continues until June 30, 2008, the police department's operating budget is $69,106,663; personnel costs comprise 98% of the operating budget. After receiving the adopted budget from the city, the Fiscal Services Unit monitors expenditures to ensure that they are in compliance with the department's budget. The annual budget model is the best suited for the City of Yonkers as it allows the Fiscal Services Unit to maintain the pulse of the budget while planning ahead for the city's needs for the next year. (Bennett & Hess, 2007, pg. 416) In administering the budget, the Fiscal Servi

Interim-report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interim-report - Essay Example Stereo vision came about also to solve the problems by generating 3D images of the original objects. A stereo vision can be yield from a stereo camera where the user of the stereo camera is able to compare different images obtained from the same scene using the camera (Buckingham, 2004). Different methods have been used to develop stereo cameras including the estimation of the perspective projection matrix which involves developing of equations for estimation. The original aim of the development of the project is to achieve a 3D effect on images through the use of an ordinary camera. Another effect would be merging the images that are multi viewed into a finer one. The effect would involve processing the images through the use of volumetric reconstruction procedures (Buckingham, 2004). The development is to bring the user of the camera to get an image which is stereoscopic through the ability of one being able to compare two or more views from the same scene where the images are taken. The 3D effect is attained when the person taking the image is able to distinguish the images using the eye or separation using a lenticular lens. The images that are maintained are then to be registered in 3D mesh model. Making of two images to be used in a stereo camera is the main objective of the project on the stereo camera. The process will also involve calibrating the stereo camera system using two standing cameras. The project will also do with getting the estimations, both external and internal parameters of the camera. The estimated parameters are also to be used in the making the camera produce the 3D effect (Buckingham, 2004). Having a sliding mounting device between two marked points can be done to minimize the effect of moving the camera to take the second picture after taking the first picture. This brings the problem of not being able to take moving objects. The development of the stereo camera will ensure minimizing this

Career development as a chef Essay Example for Free

Career development as a chef Essay Professional development is the acquisition of knowledge and skills for career advancement. It enables an individual to acquire personal development which is essential for better job performance. It will entail utilizing various learning opportunities which ranges from acquiring a college degree and other formal coursework relevant for doing exemplary good in the hotel and tourism industry. There are many approaches undertaken in enhancing career development. They include lesson study, mentoring and getting advises from members of staff who have worked and are experienced in the industry. One may also get career development through active consultation, coaching, and undertaking lesson study from a learning institution. Technical skills will be developed through technical assistance and reflective supervision. In his book on leadership skills in the tourism and service industry Rogers (2008) asserts that hotel and tourism just like other careers should engage in professional development. Individuals working in these industries should participate in professional development to serve their interest in the lifelong learning. This will show a high sense of moral obligation that brings along professional competence among the employees and other members of staff in tourism and hotel industry. Career and professional development will enable institutional members in enhancing career progression, to comply with the existing and changing regulations and to keep the organization updated with the new technology and practices that is necessary for the long-term survival of the organization. Career development will possibly include informal and formal types of vocational education and training. This is in the form of post secondary and poly-technical training which leads to academic qualification or credential that are required to get or retain an employment in case the person being trained had secured an employment in an organization. Technical and professional development may be obtained in the form of pre-service or in the in-service professional development programs. These kinds of programs are usually formal, informal; they may be conducted at a group level or individualized to suit a person professional requirement of the skills needed in his job. This means that in an organization an individual may pursue professional development independently or the human resource department may undertake the task of developing skills of individuals in the company. When professional development is done on the job by the human resource department it will enhance leadership skills which are necessary for undertaking the role of decision making in the organization. For an individual to have proper leadership abilities it means that he has to acquire high analytical and conceptual skills, this is only possible through academic training (Rogers 2008) Working as a chef needs one to be highly skilled and being adept in all facets of food preparation. The role of a chef means that the person carries the responsibility of all kitchen activity. This kind of work includes plating design, making orders and purchases of inventory to be used in food preparation and other relevant kitchen work, management of kitchen staff and preparation of menu. It is this menu that gives customers illustrations on food prices and how to budget their cash and spending in a hotel. Therefore, the tasks and personal decisions undertaken by a chef has a direct impact to the customers hence he is of great value to the organization. When one is appointed as a head chef he is given a task of making larger executive decisions which include giving the direction of menu and having final authority in the staff management decisions. This position is usually present in places where there are multiple restaurants. For a person to succeed in the hotel industry as a chef he has to possess notable skills. These skills must be learnt either formally or informally to enhance career development. For instance a great chef must be creative and should always be trying something new in the market and in the industry. His creativity should inspire food presentation which is a very great aspect to the overall dining experience. He should have a tremendous passion for beverages, food and cooking. He should enjoy the process of selecting foods, creating menus and preparing meal for his customers. In addition to the above qualities he should have a keen business sense and should run the kitchen in a way to produce food which is of high quality but at cost effective means as well as enabling efficiency in the process of food production. In his book Florian D, (1992) a chef should pay close attention to cooking and food service detail. This is because cooking is a science and hence each ingredient used in the process has a certain role that a chef should be continually aware of. He should understand his role in food preparation team, therefore engaging in active teamwork to ensure that organizational goals are achieved. He should work harmoniously to ensure that the company produces quality foods. In ensuring proper service delivery, a chef should work well with members of staff and management. He should practice his skills a lot as preparing food requires a high level of expertise. Therefore, a chef should never stop perfecting his or her cooking techniques. Career development as a chef will improve a person’s ability to multitask and handling perfectly many tasks at once. One should be responsible for all elements relating to a meal and ensuring that everything is completed at the right time. He should also avoid customer delay making sure they are served at the right time. It is this proper customer service that guarantees a company survival and increases the level of its competitiveness in the extensive industry. A successful chef should always be committed to preparing a high quality meal for his customers. He should do so by seeking the right and the finest ingredients and use the best proven techniques in delivering the best product at cost effective method. Professional development will increase the chef ability to think and make timely decisions when his company meets a challenge. Food preparation industry needs proper timing and hence a chef should possess proper analytical and conceptual skills that increase his ability to make decisions and solve problems immediately they arise. A firm that is able to make decision quickly and on a timely basis will be able to keep customers satisfied and operations will be able to flow smoothly Carnoll (2010). A great chef should be able to handle criticism from customers and hence ensuring proper customer relationship between the company and its esteemed customers who constitute his market; this will have a long term benefit when the company market share increases. Not everyone will like what a chef prepares therefore a great chef should take criticisms positively. In outsourcing for the right employees in a tourism and hotel industries most companies will put into consideration the possible qualities of an individual. They will probably analyze his strengths and weaknesses then from the analysis the key skills will be identified. If the strengths exceed the weaknesses with a considerable margin then this person will be hired to work in the organization. Companies will undertake an accurate review of the possible qualities of an individual based on personal attributes such as personality, values and motivations. A person’s behavior in the organization will also be greatly influenced by his emotional intelligence, his leadership skills, charismatic power, and ability to influence other members of staff in pursuing organizational goals and objectives. Personality can be defined as the inherent individual behavior that a person falls back to when all other forces of the outside world are accounted for or when under pressure from the external forces. It is the organized developed system within an individual that represents the collective action of a person’s psychological subsystems which go hand in hand to describe an individual personal trait. In his book personality psychology Cervone and Pervin (2014) he describes personality as a five factor model. This model describes and provides a great overview of personality and how it should relate with the work environment. A person with a positive personality is described as having ability to bring success to the company out of his individual behavior. He is portrayed with great respect among other members of staff and he is capable of ensuring success to the organization when customers flock the company out of his good reputation. A chef should therefore be of good personality t o achieve the hotel and tourism objectives. For an individual to improve his personality attributes he should possess the following qualities. He should be open to experience and learn new and emerging issues necessary for improving his skills and expertise. Openness to experience means that an individual is highly interested and flexible in experiencing new things. Work environment is highly dynamic and hence members of staff should adopt this kind of personality so that positive changes being desired by the organization are quickly integrated. A chef who aims at maximizing his service in the industry should not be rigid to changes as this can easily make the company to lag behind when customers view the services as being old fashioned and out of date. Most of the individuals are more close minded and rigid to organization changes and in how they approach new experiences; therefore, it is the work of management to ensure that this kind of rigidity is discouraged amongst its workers through behavior changes and sometimes motiv ation speeches. Conscientiousness is another personality attribute a person should possess in order to become successful in his career. A person who is high in conscientiousness will tend to be diligent and dutiful according to the way he approaches his work and life matters. Therefore for one to become a great chef and ensure success in the hotel industry a person should be able to possess this kind of personality. The individual will be able to plan his work early in advance and work towards achieving the set individual and organizational objectives. Diligence calls for individual discipline in how a person plans his work and the way he undertakes tasks to accomplish a certain goal. Florian. D (1992) for a chef to be successful in his career he should possess a personality trait of extraversion. This is a highly recognizable personality trait as it can easily be felt and seen by those who have a close interaction with the chef. A chef should be able to interact with other members of staff in the kitchen department so as to ensure that the right food is prepared and served. He should contribute his ideas and views on proper methods of food preparation. With this kind of an approach they will be able to work together to achieve the organization goal and hence adding value to the company. Value addition is seen when the hotel revenues increases and the profits retained are re invested in the company; this is only possible when chefs just as other members of staff work towards achieving organizational goals. A person with an introversion personality trait is unable to interact with co workers and hence making it difficult for the company to achieve both its short te rm and long term goals. An introvert will tend to draw energy from reflection and will prefer working on his own or in small groups. For a chef who wants to succeed in his career introversion will automatically lead to failure as this kind of an occupation calls for teamwork. A successful chef should possess a high level of agreeableness. This personality trait aims at ensuring the level of friendliness and hostility that an individual member display when interacting with others. A person considered to have high level of agreeableness is perceived to be more trustworthy and those with a lower level of agreeableness are perceived as more oppositional and more suspicious. Therefore, a chef should possess a personality trait in agreeableness. This will make it easy to work in a group and in a team since he can easily be trusted hence making teamwork easy. It is as result that decision making process will be fastened making service delivery easy and more timely. A company with proper service delivery will be rated as a successful company hence succeeding in its bid to attract more customers and markets. A chef should also possess a low personality trait of neuroticism. This means that he is able to control his emotion. A person who is highly neurotic will tend to be less stable. He get angry quickly thus demonstrating negative emotions which are not desirable for an organization environment. A person who shows emotional stability is regarded as being pleasant and resistant to stress. A chef who possesses such positive traits will not get angered quickly if criticized in his tasks. He will be able to rectify errors, omission and mistakes committed in his work. By doing this an organization is guaranteed of success since high quality services can easily be offered. The members of staff will be able to learn their mistakes and rectify them for the advantage of the company. To ensure proper service delivery a chef should understand the personality traits of individual co workers as this is very critical to the success of the organization. Personality is a key driver of individual behavior. Therefore, it calls for the members of staff and the overall company to consider this critical aspect that is very important in the success of any organization. An individual personality trait should be modeled to suit organizational needs to ensure long term success of the company. Jackson (2002) an individual values and motivators will have a big impact on his performance in the company and in the overall hotel and tourism industry. A person attitude is his or her prospective in performing a certain task. Simply it aims at answering what is the motivating factor behind a person in pursuit of the organization goals? A strong attitude of achievement brings a positive effect and success to the organization unlike a weak attitude which discourages goal attainment. Pervin (2014) a person’s attitude has a close impact on the personality of an individual although it varies from one person to another. For a chef to remain outstanding in performance he should therefore posses a strong attitude and a great determination for success in relation to his work place or in the company he is working for. It is by possessing this trait that he will be able to generate good outcome. According to Mc Cleland D.C (1951) an employee who would like to succeed in his position in a tourism and hotel industry should possess general creativity ability. This means that person is able to use his analytical and conceptual skills in making fast and efficient decisions necessary to solve a problem as early as it occurs and with the immediate effect it so desires. A chef will require creativity in drawing fast hand solutions for the challenges his organization is faced to. He should be able to influence people positively. This includes both members of staff and customers. It is by doing this that the company is able to retain its existing customers and attracting other customers in a bid to enlarging the companies’ available market. He should be able to make decisions faster coupled with advice from other members of the organization. Quick decision making is necessary for ensuring positive service delivery in the hotel industry. In his book on hotel management Rogers (2007) pointed out that a chef should be highly equipped with relevant knowledge pertaining to the tasks under him or he is obligated to do. He should restrain from undertaking technical duties which he is not relevant with. He should ensure moral fulfillment amongst his co workers and partners in the industry that he works in. Moral fulfillment is directly related to motivation. Therefore members of staff who are highly motivated will work hard in ensuring that organization objectives are met and ensure that they are achieved on a timely basis. A chef should maintain a high level of intellectual status and ability to think and making wise decisions when required to do so. Everything a chef sets to do should ensure motivation to his co workers hence making them to invest more efforts in attaining the organizational goals. A successful chef should portray positive emotional intelligence and hence ability to control his emotions regarding his job and service delivery. Emotional intelligence is that individual ability to control, perceive and evaluate emotions when they arise .According to Robbins et al (2008) emotions and moods are dominant factors which employees’ experiences. Emotions are described as intense feelings directed at someone while moods just as emotions are feelings which are not so intense still directed to someone. Having positive emotion and mood means that the chef will work efficiently with others, and will not be quick anger or over-react in the event of provocation. To prevent negative moods and emotions a chef should avoid being stressed, prevent social activities that affect his individual behavior negatively. He should exercise a lot during his free time to reduce the level of accumulated stress during the day time when at work. According to McGrogan (2007) a personâ€⠄¢s level of productivity should be great during the daytime since it is at this time that he will be able to focus and concentrate. This is unlike during the night when many people are exhausted hence a chef should display this character. Florian (1992) asserts that a great chef should possess proper leadership skills in ensuring that the process of service delivery is accurately undertaken. He should be able to control and govern his subordinates and guide them towards the process of attaining the objectives and the goals of the organization. Acting as a chief chef he has a role of guiding the assistant chefs in service delivery. He should have charisma and should have a proper vision and risk taking qualities that are necessary in ensuring investments in the tourism and hotel industry he works for. A successful chef may be required to work in a leadership position. At this level he has the responsibility to represent the subordinates in decision making process. He needs to be a visionary leader who thinks about the future and dealing with tough issues that directly affect the organizations activities. To have the following attributes and leadership skills a chef should be of high integrity with ability to be trusted Carnoll (2010). He should show a high level of competence in the tasks he undertakes similarly to the tasks he delegates among the subordinates. He should be loyal, consistent and open to the executives above him in the organization hierarchy. It is this commitment in work that ensures overall success of the company’s activities. He should be able to act as liaison, conflict manager, and ability to train and develop skills as well as trouble shooting any event that may befall a company. A successful chef, Rogers (2007) argued that he should possess exemplary ability to influence other positively making them to work as he desires and for the advantage of the company he is working for. He should display personal power in his task of service delivery as this relates to being unique in how he serves his market and customers. Expert and referent factors are also important in his work since he should show his expertise as a chef and how he can use that skill to achieve the long term goal of bringing success to the company he should try to eliminate work politics as this will lead to increased stress, reducing performance in service delivery and job dissatisfaction. All this brings poor performance to the tourism industry in its pursuit to achieve better productivity and revenue generation. Conclusion For a chef to ensure success in his work of service delivery in the hotel industry he should try hard to eradicate organizational politics to increase productivity of the organization objectives. Organizational politics have been observed to bring enemity among workmates. This is very dangerous as it limits teamwork, which is very necessary in attaining organizational goals. References Carroll, C. M. (2010). Tasting success: Your guide to becoming a professional chef. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2014). Personality psychology. Singapore: Wiley. Grogan-Kaylor, A., Ruffolo, M. C., Ortega, R. M., Clarke, J. (January 01, 2008). Behaviors of the individuals in an organization setting.Individual behavior, 32, 1, 35-49.Jackson, B. (2002). Organization behaviour. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Golden Books Centre. McClelland, D. C. (1951). Personality. New York: Sloane. Robbins, S. P. (2000). Organizational Behaviour. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Robbins, S. P., Campbell, T. T., Judge, T. A. (2010). Organizational behaviour. Harlow [u.a.: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Rogers, C. (2008). Leadership skills in the tourism and service industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Florian, D. (1992). A chef. New York: Greenwillow Books. Source document

Dyson Marketing Communications

Dyson Marketing Communications Dyson Appliances Limited is a UK based company which is a market leader in selling vacuum cleaners in UK, US, Australia, Japan and rest of Europe. It started marketing its vacuum cleaners in 1993 in UK. It has been branded the No.18 consumer superbrand for the year 2010 in UK. Dyson is not known as a manufacturer of electronic products but has been acquainted to the public as a technological innovative company. Innovation and invention is the heart of Dyson Ltd. It This private limited company was founded by James Dyson an industrial designer. To make the most effectively and world wide selling brand of vacuum cleaners is the mission statement of Dyson Ltd, with time Dyson has evolved into other products in the same home appliances category as the Washing machine, Bladeless fan and hand dryers. Being a private company all the details about the company are not available to the public, but the best of information has tried to be extracted from the available research papers, newspapers and websites. James Dyson attended Londons Byam Shaw art school and was specialising in painting. But painting beautiful objects wasnt enough to quell curiosity, he wanted to make, and then he joined the Royal College of Art, where James studied architecture, but instead of colonnades and cladding, robust marine engineering was the order of the day. He developed a flat-hulled high-speed landing craft and, with it, his passion for engineering. Pretty soon, hed also developed a new kind of wheelbarrow one with a big fat ball that didnt sink into mud and chunky feet for stability. All the while learning to take risks, make mistakes and use frustration as a fuel for creativity and solving problems. Dyson vacuums are exhibited in museums around the world, including the New York Museum  of Modern Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Science Museum in London,  Pariss Centre Georges Pompidou, and the Danish Design Centre in Copenhagen. New ideas are the lifeblood of Dyson. Making Mistakes, failure and home trials are guiding principles of Dyson which invests around 50% of its incomes for further development. Dyson Key Markets and Areas of operation Being started commercial operations in the year 1993 in UK. Dyson has now consolidated its position as the market leader in the vacuum cleaner section in UK. It has presence across all over the world. Based on the available information Dyson sold its products in more than 40 countries. What is Marketing Communication The word Marketing Communication is made of 2 words which can be interpreted in their individual capacity. Hence, the meaning of Marketing Communication is varied due to changing interpretation of the base words. Marketing Marketing may be defined as the process by which organizations create interest of customers in products or services they produce. Marketing implies selling and a goal of effective benefit for the communicator. (Marketing Communication and the Hierarchy of Effects- Michael L. Ray) In the global context, global marketing can be defined as the firms commitment to coordinate its marketing activities across national boundaries in order to find and satisfy global customer needs better than the competition. This implies that the firm is able to: Develop a global marketing strategy based on similarities and differences between markets; Exploit the knowledge of the headquarters through worldwide diffusion (learning) and adaptations; Transfer knowledge and best practices from any of its markets and use them in other international markets. (From Global Marketing- Svend Hollensen) Communication Communication is a process of interaction of messages among persons through a communication channel or a medium. Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver (U.S. Army, 1983). Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. Marketing Communication In the context of marketing, communication is the message communicated by the organization for its intended or prospective customer, to ignite the buying process by such a customer. Effective Marketing Communication is one which would effect the sale of a product or a service. Marketing Communication (Marcom) is a subfield of marketing which involves personal selling, advertising, publicity, public relations, reseller support- merchandising, product sampling and packaging. These are all communication tools and the subfield is really an attempt to bring together several diverse part of the marketing mix under one conceptual framework based on communication research and theory. Marketing Communications is a critical aspect of a companys overall marketing mission and a major determination of its success. The marketing communications components of the marketing mix have increased in the importance dramatically during the past decade. Indeed, it has been claimed that marketing in the 1990s is the communication and communication is marketing. The two are inseparable Shimp (2000) Marcom cannot be just used for marketing alone but Marcom techniques can be used for a variety of other purposes such as for a political campaign, improvement in health practices, changes in societal beliefs etc. Thus marcom applies for persuasive mass media campaigns of all types. (Marketing Communication and the Hierarchy of Effects- Michael L. Ray) Role of marketing Communications Marketing communications (marcom) represents all the consumer oriented materials such as leaflets, press releases, Web sites, and trade show presentations. The importance generated of marcom planning is due to the direct relation of such planning to the customer, which makes marcom planning an important activity for the company. Thoughtfully written marcom plans: Enables the company to handle a large number of products, areas and consumer interactions in one single tone. Creation of integrated communication channels by a varied team of people. Assist the messages to grow above the sphere of the marketplace and continuously reach the target audiences. Provides superior results in terms of efforts of time and money. Tools of Marketing Communication For any organisation, the tools of marketing communications includes distributing information, promoting brand, image and reputation, creating and stabilizing product and service demand, emphasizing features and benefits, providing competitive differentiation, generating sales leads, ensuring customer retention and loyalty, and motivating staff. Some tools are as follows: Advertising Advertising is defined as any form of communication made by a public or a private undertaking in connection with trade, industrial activity, business, craft or profession in order to promote, directly or indirectly: a) the commercialisation of any goods or services, b) any ideas or principles, initiatives or institutions. Advertising is an impersonal, mass medium form of communication, in which the person who wants to communicate the message incurs a monetary cost for transmitting the message through a selected medium. It reaches a large number of audiences in a discrete way. There are two main functions of advertising: Influencing the demand for commodities and Managing awareness and understanding of the entity in an entirety. The various types of media which could be used for advertising are: Print media advertising like in the newspapers, periodicals, directories etc. Broadcast media advertising in the form of television and radio for mass penetration at a relatively lower cost per person reached. Outdoor advertising like the billboards on roads, bus-stops etc. Enclosed advertising like a store displaying its name inside the store. Digital and other media like telephony advertising, cinema advertising, online and internet marketing. Sales promotion Sales promotion is offering to the consumers extra or additional value. Such an additional value may be created by offering say Buy One get One products, or Half Price products, free products/ samples, extra quantity of the same goods at no extra price, discounts and price reductions. Hence the main objective of sales promotion is to encourage certain behaviour of audience, often to effect sales for the organization. Such a tool attracts new customers and help retain existing base. Direct marketing Direct marketing is the total of activities by which products and services are offered to market segments in one or more media for informational purposes or to solicit a direct response from a present or prospective customer or contributor by mail, telephone or personal visit. (Onkvisit and Shaw 1993, p717). Direct marketing is concerned with the management of customer behaviour and is used to complement the strengths and weaknesses of the other communications disciplines used to communicate directly with individual customers and often carry a behavioural (call to action) message. Fill, C. (2009), Marketing Communications Interactivity, Communities and content. Thus we can understand by direct marketing as all the activities undertaken by seller which help to communicate directly with the buyers for the purpose of effecting an action by the buyer Public Relations PR or publicity is the marketing communications function or activity undertaken by the organisations which carries out programmes designed to earn public understanding an acceptance. (Svend Hollensen Global Marketing, Pg: 554). Being a component of society an entity has to protect the interest of itself as well as its stakeholders (society in general )and therefore has to have effective marcom for good public relations. It involves both internal as well as external communication Personal Selling Unlike Advertising, personal selling is a dual way or more than 2 persons involved communication process which enables instant feedback and is not disturbed much by the noise like in advertising. It is an intense communication process and requires skills for effective communication, but it also enjoys high flexibility. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is the division of a market into different groups of customers with distinctly similar needs and product/service requirements. Targeting To determine which, if any, of the segments uncovered in the market segmentation should be targeted. Such segments are to be specifically targeted by the organization. Positioning The act of designing the companys offering and image so that they occupy a meaningful and distinct competitive position in the target customers minds. Integrated Marketing Communication The concept of IMC took birth in the US in the late 1980s. The Caywood, Schultz and Wang presented in 1991 the concept of IMC after a survey was conducted by Northwestern university with national goods advertisers in USA. Schultz defined IMC as, Broadly defined, IMC is a concept of marketing communication planning that recognizes the added value of using a comprehensive plan to evaluate the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines. It combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency and maximum communication impact. (Schultz et al, 1993). Proponents of IMC contend that it represents a logical first step in the transition from outbound product driven communication to the more interactive consumer and behaviour oriented approaches of the twenty first century. (Kitchen and Schultz, 1999). Thus we can understand from IMC that it is a process by which all forms of marketing communication are managed in such a way that the prospective customer or public are delivered a plain, constant and convincing message about the entity and its products. (An inside-out approach to integrated marketing communication-An international analysis by Gayle Kerr, Don Schultz, Charles Patti, Ilchul Kim) Among the differing definitions of IMC, Shimp has tried to find the unique features of IMC in 2000 as follows: The primary objective of IMC is to affect behaviour through directed communication. IMC process starts with the buyer or prospect and ends with the brand communicator. IMC uses all types of communication and all means and company contacts as message release channels For a stronger brand image synergy and coordination are utmost important. IMC entails marketing communication build lasting relationship between the brand and the buyer. Thus we can conclude that IMC is the planning, coordinating, controlling, integrating and managing the various communications which evolve from an organization towards its outside environment or external environment. Marketing Communications Strategies and Tactics employed by Dyson To understand the marketing communication strategy of Dyson, it is very important to know a brief history of the company which will help us understand the future course of marketing for the company. James Dyson had started working on his vacuum cleaner idea since 1978. His idea was to build a bagless, filterless vacuum cleaner. In the 1980s he approached Hoover Company which was the market leader of that time to take up his idea, but it was not accepted by Hoover. Undeterred by the Hoover snub, Dyson continued to work on his concept of vacuum cleaner. After 15 years of hard work, determination, toil and frustration and testing 5000 prototypes James finally launched the Dyson Cyclone DC01 Vacuum cleaner which was based on the effect of a tornado in 1993. The company for the next 12 years put almost 100 % of its profits for further RD expanding its team of scientists from a meagre 3 scientists to 350 scientists. In interview with a leading advertsing magazine, Dysons global marketing director, Clare Mullin, stressed the companys pledge to development, saying, Were an engineering-led company, not a marketing-led company. Thus the overall stress of the company can be found out to be technology, development, innovation and invention. This is a marked difference between a profit oriented commercial company and Duson. Dyson is an innovative, technology company not just any other company. This is the basis of marketing communication of Dyson that it is different. Context Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Technologically superior product offering Brand Image Loyal Customer base Financial Strength and higher profitability High Revenue generation Can earn premium on its product offerings Weakness Lower sales quantity than competitors Limited number of item offering in portfolio compared to larger competitors Limited resources Opportunities Qualitywise superior offering is always in demand everywhere. New untapped markets. Increasing sales by reducing prices. Threats Susceptible to cyclical changes as in recessionary conditions cheaper substitutes may be preferred. Branding as expensive products. Better product offerings by competitors at relatively lower prices. Strategic Mission and Objectives To build the most effective and efficient vacuum cleaners brand. Be a world leader in the vacuum cleaners brand To build world class cutting age electronic appliances for improving peoples lives To be technologically innovative To invest heavily in development for future sustenance of business Sr. No. UK markets US Markets To maintain the market leader position in the vacuum cleaner segment To maintain the market leader position in the vacuum cleaner segment Marketing Objectives To be a market leader in the vacuum cleaning and home appliances business. To market company as a technologically advanced company producing high quality products for improving daily lives. Sr. No. UK markets US Markets To maintain and consolidate the market leader position in the vacuum cleaner segment (2002) To rapidly enter into the market and capture the vacuum cleaning markets(2002) To increase sales by a certain percentage say 5% To increase sales by say 10% Marketing Communications Objectives Communications Impact- the objective of any marketing communication is too effectuate sales and promote the brand image of the organization. Credibility- It is the value attached by the customers Cost- These are the costs attached to the marketing communications. Control- The level of control which can be exercised on the marketing communication through different tools. The use of different tools entail acahievement of different objactives as may be predecided by the organization. Marketing Communication Message Objectives Differentiate- Dyson has tried to differentiate its products by stressing the superior technology of the product. Dont Lose the Suction Campaign very well pronounces the differentiation of Dyson products from its competitors product. Remind- This messages involve repeating the messages earlier delivered. This consolidates and Strengthens previous communication. Dyson states that his messages are boring, but still it shows the companys seriousness towards its business. Inform- This involves informing and educating the qualities of the product. Dysons product in US and UK do the same function of informing qualities to the customers. Persuade- This induces the customers to take action towards buying the product. In short, the marketing communication message objective should be to attract, maintain and inform consumers about the brand. Marketing Communication Strategies (3 Ps) The adoption of the strategy is based on the Product Life cycle and the particular marketing objectives: Pull Strategy Push strategy and Profile Strategy UK and Europe Markets Dyson believed in its products to be the advertising tools. For a technology enhanced quality product the word of mouth is the best form of advertising or marketing communication. In Europe Dyson enjoyed a huge word of mouth advertising, hence the need for specific high budgets or cost allocation to marketing communication was less. One more way of communication was through recommendation of store staffs. US market After tasting success on the European Continent, Dyson embarked on new voyages to the Unites States. The entry of the high priced, British made vacuum cleaner in US coincided with the recession and dwindling US Vacuum industry in 2002. But the creator of vacuum cleaner James Dyson also presiding Dyson Ltd was upbeat about the success of vacuum cleaner in US markets. Such an upbeat mood was due to the knowledge of placing a high technology product in the hands of customers creating value for the product. The tools of mouth to mouth marketing communication was not feasible in US as people were not so close and distances separated people. DOESNT LOSE SUCTION CAMPAIGN Fallon Worldwide, an ad agency won the advertising contact from Dyson and launched a campaign in USA in 2002 by the name Doesnt Lose Suction to showcase the superior technology of Dyson products in the vacuum cleaning business segment which needed an improvement and a change as per Dyson. Part Two For the selection of an organization, we have selected Apple Inc. as our organization. The company is to launch a Summer campaign for the launch of its Iphone-5 in the UK Markets. Launch date is on June 1 2011 Apple Inc. Objectives Based on the organizational motto of Think Differently, Apple Inc has its stated objectives of focusing on satisfying personal consumer demands rather than merely fulfilling a demographic requirement as well as, improving performance and stability rather than introducing new features when releasing new versions of any product. Brand Mission The Apple Iphone brand mission is to bring best mobile experience to everyone. Brand Vision The Iphone brand vision is to empower everyone with the latest cutting age mobile technology. Brand Objectives Producing a phone which caters to all the basic requirements of a mobile. Build strong brand orientation. To cater to the niche segment of the market. Introducing latest and innovative technology in mobile phone experience. To present an internet facilitating smartphone along with the Ipod and improved version of Iphone 3 and Iphone 4 Features Improved network connectivity than Iphone 4 Camera for photography and video needs for special moments, 8 MP Camera including a camera for video calls. Sleek and stylish features 64/128 GB Memory for extra storage needs One Touch email technology Upcoming 4G Networking technology. Inbuilt Apple GPS Navigation system. One push connectivity Highest resolution screen in the phone market. Touch screen with scratch proof technology Situational Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Higher price helps maintaining it as a mobile for niche people, hence demand is maintained. It is the most handy phone available in the market. Thousands of software applications are available specifically made for Apple on Istores. Upgradability is possible due to software upgradation. Brand Knowledge makes Apple products sell as hotcakes. It has best touch screen resolution in the market. Most suitable for entertainment purposes attracting young people towards Iphone. Weakness High price deters some customers Not much suitable for business purposes. Opportunities Relatively smaller segment of smartphone has scope for development. Branding as an innovator and revolutionizing products. IStore provides a continous stream of revenue even after sale of Iphones. Perceived luxury value to Iphone has result of increasing demand. Opportunities to tie up with many companies for creating Iphone applications. Threats Competitors coming up with better quality and better features for phone Apparent pressure for reducing prices. Target Customer profile Market Segmentation This involves identifying the similar groups of customers. For Iphone similar groups of customers maybe male/ female, amateurs/ professionals/ corporate persons, students etc. Target Market Iphone target market is the group of people who want smart phones as well as entertainment devices. The target may include cream class of people, who like to boost features. For business needs professionals, corporate personnel are to be targeted. The primary target would be the upper middle income persons. They would be targeted as the phone is build based on their requirements. The secondary target could be the university students, high school and college students who need a all-in one device. Corporate customers for large orders are also to be targeted. Positioning The Iphone 5 is to be positioned as a revolutionary product, differentiating from all the available phones in the market. It is to be marketed as an Apple brand, a symbol of quality. To be promoted as a computer which is a phone. Marketing Objective A high target has been set up for the first 2 years of launch in UK and USA: In the first year, 2 lacs of Iphone to be sold in UK based on our past performance of Iphone sales. In the 2nd year, an increase of 20% in the sales target over 1st year is contemplated. Marketing Strategy Product The Iphone has the great features as described above. Price The Iphone is competitively priced at  £450 in the UK markets. But in agreement with network providers like Vodafone, T- mobile, 3, Orange, O2 etc, competitive and best deals would be provided for the customers. Promotion As the target groups are found out, targeting the target group with the latest promotional media. Large scale TV advertisments. Regular advertisements for full 2 years period. Creative advertisement. Creation of hype around the phone. Place (Distribution) Large scale distribution of phones before the day of launch based on the past experinces of rush on the launch day and shortages within hours of launch. Message and Creative idea If you are not using Iphone5, you are missing out on something!!!. Have you tried your hand at the new Iphone. Iphone5, This changes everything again!!! Budget Based on the targeted sales of 2 lacs Iphone5 , the revenues turn out to be ( £450 * 200000) =  £90,000,000. We would work out the initial marketing communication expense at say 20% of revenues, then we have a total of  £18,000,000 for our marketing. Reference and Bibliography Svend Hollensen: Global Marketing- A decision oriented Approach, Fourth edition, Pearson- Prentice Hall http://www.jiffynotes.com/a_study_guides/book_notes_add/emmc_0000_0002_0/emmc_0000_0002_0_00096.html http://www.superbrands.uk.com/Pages/DocumentManager/ConsumerTop500_2010.pdf http://ristiuty.edublogs.org/files/2008/11/integrated-marketing-communication.pdf http://www.iphoners.com/threads/iphone-marketing-plan.141/ (Accessed on 17-1-2011) http://www.howtobeamarketer.com/articles/marketing-mix/4-promotion-marketing-communications/46-integrated-marketing-communications-templates-word-powerpoint-and-pdf (Accessed on 17-1-2011) Used for IMC Plan Diagram

Ecommerce And Its Applications Information Technology Essay

Ecommerce And Its Applications Information Technology Essay We are in the age of Knowledge and consequently in the midst of an electronic revolution. The impact of which on the economy is much more powerful than caused by industrial revolution. With the inception of the web, organizations and individuals are more and more making use of E-Commerce to create new business ventures. The www is not only a source of information, but an astounding business opportunity as well. Online business is thriving and more and more corporate companies are joining the fray of electronic transaction. The era of E-Commerce has established a significant synergy between the use of digital info and computerized business. Introduction The Internets impact on people has been profound; particularly with respect to consumers, who are starting to use the Internet as a new medium to trade and purchase goods and services. It is a general concept covering any form of business transaction or information exchange executed using information and communication technologies. Electronic commerce is the most recent step in the evolution of business transactions. It replaces the swapping of money for goods or bartering (the swapping of goods for goods) with the exchange of information from computer to computer. Electronic commerce, or e-commerce as it is otherwise known, is a very broad terminology. E-commerce enables organizations of all sizes and in all market sectors to improve their competitiveness. It cuts across geographical boundaries and time zones to save time and costs, to open up new market opportunities and enable even the smallest of companies to compete globally. E-commerce spans established processes such as bar code scanning and electronic data interchange (EDI), as well as newer arrivals, electronic mail, the Internet, the World Wide Web and mobile electronic commerce. E-commerce is attractive because it reduces the cost of doing business. Sending a few bytes of data over a network is cheaper, faster and more convenient than sending a messenger or even making a phone call. E-commerce covers any form of business or administrative transactions or information exchange that is executed using any information and communications technology (ICT). Classification of E-Commerce by application: Electronic Markets Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Internet Commerce Electronic Markets Present a range of offerings available in a market segment so that the purchaser can compare the prices of the offerings and make a purchase decision. Example: Airline Booking System. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) It provides a standardized system, Communicated from one computer to another without the need for printed orders and invoices delays errors in paper handling. Example: EDI is used in the large market chains for transactions with their suppliers Internet Commerce It is use to advertise make sales of wide range of goods services.This application is for both business to business business to consumer transactions. Example: The purchase of goods that are then delivered by post or the booking of tickets that can be picked up by the clients when they arrive at the event Types of E-commerce:  · business to business  · business to consumer  · consumer to business  · consumer to consumer Business to Business: The really big business on the Internet and the World Wide Web isnt books and CDs but ball bearings, electronic components and other materials that businesses buy, sell and distribute to and from each other. Although this type of business to business trading may be new and attracting plenty of media and public attention, business to business has been trading by electronic means for nearly twenty-five years. The most famous method of business to business trading has to be the electronic data interchange (EDI) established for exchanging business information between companies that regularly did business with each other. Business to Consumer: Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. By dollar volume, B2B takes the prize, however B2C is really what the average Joe has in mind with regards to ecommerce as a whole. Having a hard time finding a book? Need to purchase a custom, high-end computer system? How about a first class, all-inclusive trip to a tropical island? With the advent ecommerce, all three things can be purchased literally in minutes without human interaction. Consumer to Business: A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumers requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete the project. Elance empowers consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for such transactions. Consumer to Consumer: It facilitates the online transaction of goods or services between two people. Though there is no visible intermediary involved but the parties cannot carry out the transactions without the platform which is provided by the online market maker such as eBay. There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. eBays auction service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place every day since 1995. E-Commerce applications Multimedia Content for E-Commerce Applications Multimedia Storage Servers E-Commerce Applications i. Client-Server Architecture in Electronic Commerce ii. Internal Processes of Multimedia Servers iii. Video Servers E-Commerce Information Delivery/Transport E-Commerce Applications Consumer Access Devices SCAN002 Conclusion The Web plays an expanding role just as it does in a consumer e-commerce. Business to business activity is still, and we believe will remain, the main area of electronic commerce activity. This covers everything from established communications between retailers and their suppliers, the electronic banking payment systems through to the new Internet based catalogue systems. In the future, all of us will conduct an ever-increasing number of business transactions on-line. Companies who implement solutions to conduct business on-line will stay competitive and responsive in this evolving market place.

Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html